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LM01 Alternative Investment Features, Methods, and Structures
LM01 Categories, Characteristics, and Compensation Structures of Alternative Investments
LM01 Corporate Structures and Ownership
LM01 Derivative Instrument and Derivative Market Features
LM01 Derivative Instrument and Derivative Market Features
LM01 Ethics and Trust in the Investment Profession
LM01 Ethics and Trust in the Investment Profession
LM01 Fixed-Income Instrument Features
LM01 Fixed-Income Securities: Defining Elements
LM01 Introduction to Financial Statement Analysis
LM01 Introduction to Financial Statement Analysis
LM01 Market Organization & Structure
LM01 Market Organization and Structure
LM01 Organizational Forms, Corporate Issuer Features, and Ownership
LM01 Portfolio Management Overview
LM01 Portfolio Management: An Overview
LM01 Rates and Returns
LM01 The Firm & Market Structures
LM01 Time Value of Money
LM01 Topics in Demand and Supply Analysis
LM02 Alternative Investment Performance and Returns
LM02 Analyzing Income Statements
LM02 Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct
LM02 Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct Profession
LM02 Financial Reporting Standards
LM02 Fixed Income Markets - Issuance Trading and Funding
LM02 Fixed-Income Cash Flows and Types
LM02 Forward Commitment and Contingent Claim Features and Instruments
LM02 Forward Commitment and Contingent Claim Features and Instruments
LM02 Introduction to Corporate Governance and Other ESG Considerations
LM02 Investors and Other Stakeholders
LM02 Organizing, Visualizing, and Describing Data
LM02 Performance Calculation and Appraisal of Alternative Investments
LM02 Portfolio Risk & Return: Part I
LM02 Portfolio Risk and Return Part I
LM02 Security Market Indexes
LM02 Security Market Indexes
LM02 The Firm and Market Structures
LM02 Time Value of Money in Finance
LM02 Understanding Business Cycles
LM03 Aggregate Output, Prices and Economic Growth
LM03 Analyzing Balance Sheets
LM03 Business Models & Risks
LM03 Corporate Governance: Conflicts, Mechanisms, Risks, and Benefits
LM03 Derivative Benefits, Risks, and Issuer and Investor Uses
LM03 Derivative Benefits, Risks, and Issuer and Investor Uses
LM03 Fiscal Policy
LM03 Fixed-Income Issuance and Trading
LM03 Guidance for Standards I-VII
LM03 Guidance for Standards I–VII
LM03 Introduction to Fixed Income Valuation
LM03 Investments in Private Capital: Equity and Debt
LM03 Market Efficiency
LM03 Market Efficiency
LM03 Portfolio Risk & Return: Part II
LM03 Portfolio Risk and Return Part II
LM03 Private Capital, Real Estate, Infrastructure, Natural Resources, and Hedge Funds
LM03 Probability Concepts
LM03 Statistical Measures of Asset Returns
LM03 Understanding Income Statements
LM04 An Introduction to Asset-Backed Securities
LM04 Analyzing Statements of Cash Flows I
LM04 Arbitrage, Replication, and the Cost of Carry in Pricing Derivatives
LM04 Arbitrage, Replication, and the Cost of Carry in Pricing Derivatives
LM04 Basics of Portfolio Planning & Construction
LM04 Basics of Portfolio Planning and Construction
LM04 Capital Investments
LM04 Common Probability Distributions
LM04 Fixed-Income Markets for Corporate Issuers
LM04 Introduction to the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS)
LM04 Introduction to the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS)
LM04 Monetary Policy
LM04 Overview of Equity Securities
LM04 Overview of Equity Securities
LM04 Probability Trees and Conditional Expectations
LM04 Real Estate and Infrastructure
LM04 Understanding Balance Sheets
LM04 Understanding Business Cycles
LM04 Working Capital and Liquidity.
LM05 Analyzing Statements of Cash Flows II
LM05 Capital Investments and Capital Allocation
LM05 Company Analysis: Past and Present
LM05 Fixed-Income Markets for Government Issuers
LM05 Introduction to Geopolitics
LM05 Introduction to Industry and Company Analysis
LM05 Monetary and Fiscal Policy
LM05 Natural Resources
LM05 Portfolio Mathematics
LM05 Pricing and Valuation of Forward Contracts and for an Underlying with Varying Maturities
LM05 Pricing and Valuation of Forward Contracts.
LM05 Sampling and Estimation
LM05 The Behavioral Biases of Individuals
LM05 The Behavioral Biases of Individuals
LM05 Understanding Cash Flow Statements
LM05 Understanding Fixed-Income Risk and Return
LM05 Working Capital & Liquidity
LM06 Analysis of Inventories
LM06 Capital Structure
LM06 Cost of Capital-Foundational Topics
LM06 Equity Valuation: Concepts and Basic Tools
LM06 Financial Analysis Techniques
LM06 Fixed-Income Bond Valuation: Prices and Yields
LM06 Fundamentals of Credit Analysis
LM06 Hedge Funds
LM06 Hypothesis Testing
LM06 Industry and Competitive Analysis
LM06 International Trade
LM06 Introduction to Geopolitics
LM06 Introduction to Risk Management
LM06 Introduction to Risk Management
LM06 Pricing and Valuation of Futures Contracts
LM06 Pricing and Valuation of Futures Contracts
LM06 Simulation Methods
LM07 Analysis of Long-Term Assets
LM07 Business Models
LM07 Capital Flows and the FX Market
LM07 Capital Structure
LM07 Company Analysis: Forecasting
LM07 Estimation and Inference
LM07 International Trade and Capital Flows
LM07 Introduction to Digital Assets
LM07 Introduction to Linear Regression
LM07 Inventories
LM07 Pricing and Valuation of Interest Rate and Other Swaps
LM07 Pricing and Valuation of Interest Rates and Other Swaps
LM07 Technical Analysis
LM07 Yield and Yield Spread Measures for Fixed-Rate Bonds.
LM08 Currency Exchange Rates
LM08 Equity Valuation: Concepts and Basic Tools
LM08 Exchange Rate Calculations
LM08 Fintech in Investment Management
LM08 Hypothesis Testing
LM08 Long Lived Assets
LM08 Measures of Leverage
LM08 Pricing and Valuation of Options
LM08 Pricing and Valuation of Options
LM08 Topics in Long-Term Liabilities and Equity
LM08 Yield and Yield Spread Measures for Floating-Rate Instruments
LM09 Analysis of Income Taxes
LM09 Income Taxes
LM09 Option Replication Using Put-Call Parity
LM09 Option Replication Using Put–Call Parity
LM09 Parametric and Non-Parametric Tests of Independence
LM09 The Term Structure of Interest Rates: Spot, Par, and Forward Curves
LM10 Financial Reporting Quality
LM10 Interest Rate Risk and Return
LM10 Non-current (Long-Term) Liabilities
LM10 Simple Linear Regression
LM10 Valuing a Derivative Using a One-Period Binomial Model
LM10 Valuing a Derivative Using a One-Period Binomial Model
LM11 Financial Analysis Techniques
LM11 Financial Reporting Quality
LM11 Introduction to Big Data Techniques
LM11 Yield-Based Bond Duration Measures and Properties
LM12 Applications of Financial Statement Analysis
LM12 Introduction to Financial Statement Modeling
LM12 Yield-Based Bond Convexity and Portfolio Properties
LM13 Curve-Based and Empirical Fixed-Income Risk Measures
LM14 Credit Risk
LM15 Credit Analysis for Government Issuers
LM16 Credit Analysis for Corporate Issuers
LM17 Fixed-Income Securitization
LM18 Asset-Backed Security (ABS) Instrument and Market Features
LM19 Mortgage-Backed Security (MBS) Instrument and Market Features
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CFA Blog of IFT

07-01-24 Past Level III Constructed Response or Essay Exam Questions

Past Level III Constructed Response or Essay Exam Questions

At Level III, CFA Institute challenges you in a unique way – the formidable Constructed Response or Essay Exam format. One very common way to prepare for which students use is to look at past papers which were made available.  However, as you know, the exam curriculum changes each year and hence you need to know which questions are still relevant. You need to find the questions that are still covered in the current LOs and doing this is not an easy task for you. The good news is that IFT has done this for you. We have created the… Read More

Level III, Uncategorized

09-06-23 2024 Level III CFA Program Changes

2024 Level III CFA Program Changes

Each year CFA Institute makes changes to the exam curriculum. This year there are some major revisions and some minor revisions to the Level III curriculum. There are minor changes in the revised readings. The changes in the LOS for the revised readings are given below. The material remains the same primarily from the concept testing point of view. Data in Examples and Exhibits have been updated to make it more relevant for 2024, but that does not change the concepts taught in 2023. Some text has been added to the revised readings to introduce the candidates to say a… Read More

Level III

08-04-23 How to Solve CFA Level III Constructed Response Questions

How to Solve CFA Level III Constructed Response Questions

The Level III Structured Response or ‘Essay’ Exam is very different from the exams you have seen at Level I and II. Only if you understand this exam format and are able to ACE it….will you stand any chance to pass the Level III exam! Watch the video below to understand how to approach this formidable paper and the next steps you need to take! In order to familiarize yourself with the CFA Prometric online testing software be sure to check the simulator at this link: https://training.prod.prometric.mindgrb.io/CFA-Tutorial/launch_html_delivery.html Explore: IFT Level III Video Packages

Level III, Uncategorized

03-03-23 Study Strategy and the New Practice Tests

Study Strategy and the New Practice Tests

Dear Level II candidates, We have updated the Level II Question bank to help you better prepare for the exams. For each reading, there is a ‘Practice Test’ with individual Level I style questions. We recommend that you solve this Practice Test after watching the videos/reading the notes for a reading. These questions are designed to give you the most value for your time invested, because each question is unique and the questions are arranged in a logical order. It will assist you in revising and applying concepts learned in the reading, as well as identifying areas where you are… Read More

Level II

06-01-23 2023 CFA Level III Exam Format

2023 CFA Level III Exam Format

Dear Level III candidates, CFA Institute shared with us the following information about the 2023 Level III exams: We wanted to share some information about the format of the Level III exam that candidates will see in the February 2023 window and beyond. The look of an item set and essay set will not change with the Feb 2023 exam. The item sets will still have a vignette followed by 4 multiple choice questions, and the essay sets have a vignette followed by a varying number of essay questions, typically 3 or 4. What will change is how they are… Read More

Level III

10-08-22 2023 Level II CFA Program Changes

2023 Level II CFA Program Changes

Each year CFA Institute makes changes to the exam curriculum. This year there have been a small number of changes to the LII curriculum. There are 49 learning modules in the 2023 Level II curriculum versus 47 readings in 2022. (The CFA Institute has made this change: A Reading is now referred to as Learning Module (LM) for each topic.) 5 readings from 2022 were dropped: Introduction to Linear Regression Capital Structure Mergers & Acquisitions Capital Budgeting Return Concepts 1 new reading was added: Cost of Capital: Advanced Topics 6 readings were updated. Multiple regression content has been divided into… Read More

Level II

27-07-22 Grading of 2022 LIII CFA® Program Mock Exam and IFT Mock Exams

Grading of 2022 LIII CFA® Program Mock Exam and IFT Mock Exams

CFA Society Boston Level III 2022 Mock Exam is available for registered candidates. Candidates must do this mock and other mocks close to the actual exam to improve their exam-taking ability. After doing the mocks, they will Learn from their mistakes; ‘scale up!’ Get their mock exams professionally graded Use the grader’s tips and fix oversights IFT offers Level III candidates an exclusive personalized feedback service on their constructed response (essay) exam attempts. This service is offered for the 2022 Level III CFA® Program mock exam and IFT mock exams. Here is how IFT Grading Service improves your skills after… Read More

Level III

10-05-22 2023 Level III CFA Program Changes

2023 Level III CFA Program Changes

CFA Institute periodically updates its curriculum for the CFA Exam. The regular updates are meant to stay up to date with the innovations and challenges of the investment management industry. However, for the 2023 exam year, there are no changes from the Level III 2022 curriculum. This may partly be due to the many changes we saw in 2022. To see the changes introduced in 2022 click here. This is good news for those candidates who may need to re-take the Level III exam in 2023! IFT Level III Exam Prep Packages are available now, start your studies now with… Read More

Level III

10-05-22 2023 Level I CFA Program Changes

2023 Level I CFA Program Changes

Each year CFA Institute makes changes to the exam curriculum. 2023’s level 1 Curriculum has changed in terms of the structure along with some revisions in the content. Revised Structure: Study sessions are no longer part of the curriculum and readings have been replaced with Learning Modules. The curriculum structure for 2023 is as follows: Topic (e.g., Portfolio Management) Learning Module(s) (e.g., Introduction to Risk Management). Learning Modules are now the equivalent of the old “Readings”. LOS (e.g., define risk management). LOS are no longer numbered. Lesson(s). Content Changes: On the content side, a few learning modules were added and some… Read More

Level I
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